Analysis of Water Absorption in Eco-Friendly Bricks Derived from Biosolid Waste to Support Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-12)

Erwan Adi  Saputro; Wiliandi  Saputro; Ardika  Nurmawati; Silvana Dwi  Nurherdiana; Susilowati; Muhammad Al  Muttaqii; Intan Suhada  Azmi; Mohd Jumain  Jalil

doi:10.11594/nstp.2025.4821

Authors

Erwan Adi Saputro Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, Surabaya, 60294, Indonesia
Wiliandi Saputro Low Carbon Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, 60294, Surabaya, Indonesia
Ardika Nurmawati Low Carbon Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, 60294, Surabaya, Indonesia
Silvana Dwi Nurherdiana Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, Surabaya, 60294, Indonesia
Susilowati Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, Surabaya, 60294, Indonesia
Muhammad Al Muttaqii Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
Intan Suhada Azmi Chemical Engineering Studies, faculty of industrial technology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia
Mohd Jumain Jalil Chemical Engineering Studies, faculty of industrial technology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2025.4821

Keywords:

Bricks, eco-friendly, sustainable development

Abstract

Biosolid waste, a byproduct of biological wastewater treatment, is an organic, yellowish-brown material rich in compounds such as silica, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium oxide, and ferric oxide. It is produced in large quantities with no economic value. This study explores the use of biosolid waste in combination with coal fly ash and cement to produce bricks. Fly ash was varied in concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, while cement content ranged from 10% to 30%. Bricks were treated with a drying time of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days before testing for water absorption. The optimal brick composition, meeting Indonesian National Standard (SNI 15-2094-2000), was found to be 30% fly ash, 25% cement, and a 28-day drying period, resulting in a water absorption rate of 19.39%.

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